{"id":1746,"date":"2010-11-18T23:41:32","date_gmt":"2010-11-18T22:41:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/btm.sk\/WP\/2010\/11\/18\/aka-hviezda-viedla-troch-mudrcov\/"},"modified":"2018-05-17T22:51:03","modified_gmt":"2018-05-17T20:51:03","slug":"aka-hviezda-viedla-troch-mudrcov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/btm.sk\/WP\/2010\/11\/18\/aka-hviezda-viedla-troch-mudrcov\/","title":{"rendered":"AK\u00c1 HVIEZDA VIEDLA TROCH MUDRCOV?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"text\">V Biblii v 2. kapitole Mat\u00fa\u0161ovho evanjelia je op\u00edsan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh mudrcov (&#8222;kr\u00e1\u013eov&#8220;), ktor\u00ed sa pri\u0161li do Betlehema pokloni\u0165 pr\u00e1ve naroden\u00e9mu Je\u017ei\u0161ovi na z\u00e1klade pozorovania hviezdy.<\/span><br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\nPri poh\u013eade na ak\u00fdko\u013evek betlehem vystaven\u00fd v na\u0161ich kostoloch, m\u00faze\u00e1ch \u010di dom\u00e1cnostiach si v\u0161imneme, \u017ee nad jas\u013eami svieti hviezda s dlh\u00fdm \u017eiariv\u00fdm chvostom \u2013 teda nepochybne kom\u00e9ta. V skuto\u010dnosti to v\u0161ak nebola \u017eiadna kom\u00e9ta!<\/p>\n<p>Ak by tou betlehemskou hviezdou bola naozaj kom\u00e9ta, nebol by pre astron\u00f3mov probl\u00e9m spo\u013eahlivo overi\u0165 \u010das Kristovho narodenia. V \u010dasoch okolo po\u010diatku n\u00e1\u0161ho letopo\u010dtu bola astron\u00f3mia na \u010falekom v\u00fdchode u\u017e pomerne rozvinut\u00e1 a podrobn\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy o pozorovan\u00ed kom\u00e9t z t\u00fdch \u010dias sa dobre dochovali. A \u017eiadna z vtedy zaznamenan\u00fdch kom\u00e9t term\u00ednovo nevyhovuje. Ve\u010f aj sl\u00e1vna Halleyova kom\u00e9ta bola pozorovan\u00e1 v r. 12 pr. n. l. a potom znova a\u017e v r. 66 n. l. \u2013 objavila sa teda bu\u010f pr\u00edli\u0161 skoro alebo pr\u00edli\u0161 neskoro. Navy\u0161e tu bol aj ur\u010dit\u00fd &#8222;astrologick\u00fd probl\u00e9m&#8220;. Pod\u013ea dobov\u00fdch v\u00fdkladov boli kom\u00e9ty ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00fdm znamen\u00edm na nebi, tak\u017ee len \u0165a\u017eko by boli pou\u017eit\u00e9 na ohl\u00e1senie radostnej zvesti o naroden\u00ed Vykupite\u013ea \u013eudstva. V skuto\u010dnosti je zobrazenie kom\u00e9ty nad Betlehemom historicky dolo\u017een\u00e9 a\u017e z talianskych jasli\u010diek z 15. storo\u010dia. Odtia\u013e sa asi v druhej polovici  16. storo\u010dia tento zvyk dostal aj k n\u00e1m. A\u017e v druhej polovici 20. storo\u010dia sa podarilo odhali\u0165 tvorcu komet\u00e1rnej symboliky pre biblick\u00fa spr\u00e1vu o Kristovom naroden\u00ed a kla\u0148an\u00ed troch kr\u00e1\u013eov. Bol n\u00edm zn\u00e1my taliansky maliar Giotto di Bondone (1267 \u2013 1337), ktor\u00fd v r. 1304 ma\u013eoval fresku Kla\u0148anie v padovskej kaplnke Scrovegni. In\u0161piroval sa vlastn\u00fdm pozorovan\u00edm n\u00e1vratu Halleyovej kom\u00e9ty (ktor\u00e1 sa vtedy, samozrejme, e\u0161te tak nevolala; a\u017e vynikaj\u00faci anglick\u00fd astron\u00f3m Edmond Halley za\u010diatkom 18. st. zistil, \u017ee ide o kom\u00e9tu opakovane sa vracaj\u00facu k slnku) v septembri r. 1301 a a\u017e n\u00e1vrat kom\u00e9ty v r. 1910 po prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t zaznamenan\u00fd aj fotograficky uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee Giottov portr\u00e9t kom\u00e9ty bol neoby\u010dajne presn\u00fd &#8211; rozhodne najlep\u0161\u00ed v cel\u00fdch nefotografick\u00fdch dejin\u00e1ch astron\u00f3mie! A ke\u010f pri poslednom n\u00e1vrate Halleyovej kom\u00e9ty k slnku v polovici osemdesiatych rokov 20. st. chystala Eur\u00f3pska kozmick\u00e1 agent\u00fara ESA kozmick\u00fa sondu smeruj\u00facu k Halleyovej kom\u00e9te, nazvala ju celkom pr\u00edzna\u010dne GIOTTO.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fdm sme v\u0161ak nevyrie\u0161ili probl\u00e9m t\u00fdkaj\u00faci sa hviezdy na v\u00fdchode, o ktorej hovor\u00ed Mat\u00fa\u0161ovo evanjelium. Spr\u00e1vny v\u00fdklad na\u0161iel zrejme u\u017e na za\u010diatku17. st. zn\u00e1my nemeck\u00fd astron\u00f3m Johannes Kepler, ktor\u00fd 17. decembra 1603 pozoroval v Prahe konjunkciu (uhlov\u00e9 zbl\u00ed\u017eenie) plan\u00e9t Jupiter a Saturn. Napadlo ho prepo\u010d\u00edta\u0165, kedy do\u0161lo k rovnakej konjunkcii oboch plan\u00e9t okolo po\u010diatku kres\u0165ansk\u00e9ho letopo\u010dtu a zistil, \u017ee sa tak stalo v r. 7 pr. n. l. a to dokonca trikr\u00e1t po sebe: koncom m\u00e1ja a septembra, ale aj na za\u010diatku decembra, a to v s\u00fahvezd\u00ed R\u00fdb. Tak\u00fd \u00fakaz ur\u010dite neunikol babylonsk\u00fdm u\u010dencom, ktor\u00ed o tom dokonca zanechali spr\u00e1vu na hlinenej tabu\u013eke objavenej archeol\u00f3gmi v r. 1925. <\/p>\n<p>Pod\u013ea t\u00fdchto nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch \u00fadajov mo\u017eno teda predpoklada\u0165, \u017ee sa Kristus narodil pravdepodobne niekedy v septembri v r. 7. pr. n. l. To s\u00edce na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead vyzer\u00e1 divne, lebo kres\u0165ansk\u00fd letopo\u010det m\u00e1 ma\u0165 za svoj po\u010diatok d\u00e1tum Kristovho narodenia, av\u0161ak v skuto\u010dnosti historici u\u017e d\u00e1vno vedia, \u017ee Kristus sa musel narodi\u0165 pred za\u010diatkom letopo\u010dtu. Za\u010diatok letopo\u010dtu sa toti\u017e ur\u010doval a\u017e ove\u013ea nesk\u00f4r, a\u017e v 6. storo\u010d\u00ed. V r. 532 n. l. sa o v\u00fdpo\u010det d\u00e1tumu Kristovho narodenia pok\u00fasil op\u00e1t r\u00edmskeho kl\u00e1\u0161tora Dionysius Exiguus, dopustil sa v\u0161ak pritom nieko\u013ek\u00fdch ch\u00fdb pri nadv\u00e4zovan\u00ed vtedaj\u0161\u00edch kalend\u00e1rov na dos\u0165 vzdialen\u00fa minulos\u0165. Na z\u00e1klade porovnan\u00ed rozli\u010dn\u00fdch historick\u00fdch udalost\u00ed je ve\u013emi pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee s\u00fahrn t\u00fdchto ch\u00fdb d\u00e1va pr\u00e1ve spom\u00ednan\u00fd sedemro\u010dn\u00fd rozdiel.<br \/>\nNakoniec mo\u017eno preto s ist\u00fdm prekvapen\u00edm kon\u0161tatova\u0165, \u017ee astronomick\u00e9 a historick\u00e9 d\u00e1ta o Kristovom naroden\u00ed sa navz\u00e1jom dop\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa. To fakticky znamen\u00e1, \u017ee dve tis\u00edcro\u010dia od Kristovho narodenia uplynuli koncom roku 1994!<\/p>\n<p>\u013dud, ktor\u00fd chod\u00ed v tme, uzrie ve\u013ek\u00e9 svetlo; nad t\u00fdmi, ktor\u00ed b\u00fdvaj\u00fa v temnej krajine, za\u017eiari svetlo&#8230; lebo die\u0165a sa n\u00e1m narodilo, syn n\u00e1m je dan\u00fd&#8230; (Izai\u00e1\u0161 9,1 a 5)<\/p>\n<p>Ji\u0159\u00ed Grygar<br \/>\n(kontakt na autora: grygar@fzu.cz<br \/>\nweb: www.hep.fzu.cz\/~grygar\/jiri; www.astro.cz\/people\/grygar; www.astro.cz\/people\/grygar\/actual.htm<br \/>\n\u010fal\u0161ie \u010dl\u00e1nky J. Grygara n\u00e1jdete na: www.vira.cz\/grygar)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V Biblii v 2. kapitole Mat\u00fa\u0161ovho evanjelia je op\u00edsan\u00fd pr\u00edbeh mudrcov (&#8222;kr\u00e1\u013eov&#8220;), ktor\u00ed sa pri\u0161li do Betlehema pokloni\u0165 pr\u00e1ve naroden\u00e9mu Je\u017ei\u0161ovi na z\u00e1klade pozorovania hviezdy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[12],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/btm.sk\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1746"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/btm.sk\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/btm.sk\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/btm.sk\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/btm.sk\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1746"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/btm.sk\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1746\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2219,"href":"https:\/\/btm.sk\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1746\/revisions\/2219"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/btm.sk\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1746"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/btm.sk\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1746"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/btm.sk\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1746"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}